Mold work comes with a lot of technical words. This page explains common mold testing and remediation terms in a clear way. If you are dealing with a musty smell, water damage, or visible growth, this glossary can help you understand reports, scopes of work, and next steps.
Note: This glossary is for education. If you have health concerns, talk with a medical professional.
A testing method that collects airborne mold spores to evaluate indoor air quality and spore concentration levels.
What It Means:
It's a snapshot of what's floating in the air and can help determine whether mold may be affecting the space.
Heterogeneous Medium of Air
The concept that air is not perfectly uniform and can contain changing mixtures of particles (like dust, pollen, mold spores), humidity, and airflow patterns across different areas.
What It Means:
Air samples can vary from room to room (or minute to minute), so results are a snapshot—not a perfect picture of the whole building.
Inertia Impact Plate
A sampling device used in air testing that collects airborne particles by pulling air through and impacting particles onto a collection surface (often agar) based on inertia.
What It Means:
It’s a tool that “catches” particles from the air onto a plate so a lab can measure or identify what was captured.
Hyphal Fragments
Small pieces of mold structures that can become airborne and contribute to indoor air quality concerns.
What It Means:
Even when mold spores are not present, microscopic mold fragments may still circulate in the air and trigger symptoms in sensitive individuals.
MVOCs (Off-Gassing)
Microbial Volatile Organic Compounds (MVOCs) are gases released as mold grows and breaks down materials.
What It Means:
These compounds are often responsible for the musty odor commonly associated with hidden mold growth.
Third-Party Testing
Independent sampling and analysis conducted to ensure unbiased results.
What It Means:
An outside tester checks the results, so there’s no conflict of interest.
Mold Types & Related Terms
Allergenic Mold
Molds that commonly trigger allergic reactions, asthma symptoms, sinus irritation, and respiratory discomfort.
Examples:
Aspergillus
Penicillium
Cladosporium
Alternaria
Chaetomium
Monascus
Toxigenic Mold
Molds capable of producing mycotoxins under certain environmental conditions.
Examples:
Stachybotrys
Chaetomium
Fusarium
Certain Aspergillus species
Certain Penicillium species
Fusarium
Monascus
Neurogenic Mold
A non-scientific term sometimes used to describe mold species associated with neurological symptoms related to mycotoxin exposure.
Examples:
Stachybotrys
Chaetomium
Fusarium
Aspergillus
Penicillium
Stachybotrys (Black Mold)
A mold species commonly found on water-damaged cellulose materials such as drywall, paper, and wood products after prolonged moisture exposure.
Mycotoxins
Compounds that can be produced by certain mold species under specific environmental conditions.
What It Means:
Some molds may produce substances that can contribute to indoor environmental concerns when exposure occurs over time.
Aflatoxins
Mycotoxin produced by the mold species Aspergillus. Commonly found in foods such as corn, wheat, peanuts, and more.
Risks:
Weakening the immune system, potentially linked to liver cancer.
Alternariol
Mycotoxin producterd by Alternarnia fungi. Commonly found in water-damaged materials like drywall, or foods such as wheat, barley, and sorghum.
Appearabce:
Black mold typically linked to water damage.
Chaetoglobosin
Mycotoxin producted by chaetomium glososum molds. Commonly found in long-term, water-damaged buildings and drywall.
Risks:
Causes infections in immunocompromised individuals.
Citrinin
Mycotoxin produced by penicillium and aspergillus molds. Commonly found in stored grains, or building materials with water damage.
Risks:
Affects kidneys and other organs.
Mycophenolic Acid
Mycotoxin produced by penicillium. Commonly found in water damaged materials such as wallpaper, carpet, and fiberglass insulation.
Risks:
Acts as an immunosuppressant and immune cell dysregulator. Harming your bodies immune system.
Stachybotrylactam
Mycotoxin produced by Stachybotrys (black mold). Commonly found in water-saturated wood materials.
Risks:
Causes allergenic and toxic effects, contaminating cellulose insulation.
Trichothecenes
Mycotoxin produced by Stachybotrys. Commonly found in saturated building materials.
Risks:
Severe respiratory, neurological, and immunological symptoms.
Sterigmatocystin
Mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus and Chaetomium molds. Commonly found in water damaged buildings.
Risks:
Triggers damage to livers, kidneys, and inflammation in lung tissue.
Satratoxins G&H
Mycotoxin produced by Stachybotrys molds. Commonly found in water-damaged, saturated wood materials.
Risks:
Causes neurological damage and sever effects on the immune system.
Ochratoxin A
Mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus and Penicillium molds. Commonly found in moisture-damaged building materials and foods.
Risks:
Respiratory distress and kidney failure, as well as potential links to Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.
Zearalenone
Mycotoxin produced by Fusarium fungi. Commonly found in corn, animal feed, and other agricultural products.
Risks:
Infertility, spontaneous abortions, and birth defects. Weakens the immune system and increases infection risk.
Engineering Controls & Containment
Engineering Controls
Physical systems and barriers used to isolate contaminated areas and control the movement of airborne particles during remediation.
Examples:
HEPA air scrubbers
Negative air machines
Critical barriers
Decontamination chambers
Containment
The process of physically separating mold-affected areas from clean areas of a building.
Examples:
Polyethylene sheeting barriers
Sealed work zones
Zipper doors
Controlled entry and exit points
HEPA Filtration
High-Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filtration capable of capturing 99.97% of particles measuring 0.3 microns.
What It Means:
HEPA filters trap tiny particles such as mold spores, dust, and debris rather than recirculating them into the air.
Negative Air Pressure
A controlled airflow system that continuously pulls air from the work area and exhausts or filters it.
What It Means:
It helps keep airborne contaminants contained within the remediation area.
Mold Remediation Protocol (MRP)
A written document outlining affected areas, remediation methods, containment requirements, cleaning procedures, and project criteria.
Cleaning & Removal
Antimicrobial
A product used to reduce, inhibit, or prevent the growth of microorganisms such as mold and bacteria.
What It Means:
It may help control microbial growth, but it does not replace correcting moisture problems or removing damaged materials.
Surfactant Property
The ability of a cleaning agent to reduce surface tension and improve cleaning effectiveness.
What It Means:
It helps cleaning solutions penetrate surfaces and remove mold residue more effectively.
Source Removal
The removal of mold-contaminated materials that cannot be effectively cleaned.
What It Means:
In some situations, damaged materials must be removed rather than treated.
Post-Remediation
Post-Remediation Verification (PRV)
Inspection and testing performed after remediation to evaluate whether remediation goals have been achieved.
Moisture Sources & Prevention
Building Envelope
The physical barrier between indoor and outdoor environments, including roofs, walls, windows, and foundations.
Moisture Intrusion
The unwanted entry of water into a structure through leaks, flooding, condensation, or building defects.
Relative Humidity
The amount of moisture present in the air compared to the maximum amount the air can hold at a given temperature.
What It Means:
High humidity levels can create conditions that support mold growth.